ABSTRACT
The coronavirus pandemic required teachers to abruptly turn to online settings to deliver instruction. Unfortunately, evidence-based guidance for online instruction in the field of physical education is lacking, specifically for students with disabilities. Therefore, this scoping review sought to identify peer-reviewed literature addressing online learning in K–12 adapted physical education settings. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist was used to guide this scoping review. A database search was conducted for relevant articles, and a data charting process was completed to identify articles meeting inclusion criteria. Five articles were determined to be within the scope of this review (one research article and four commentary articles). This scoping review highlighted a lack of literature pertaining to online learning in K–12 adapted physical education. Considering the likelihood of online learning becoming increasingly relevant, more concerted efforts are needed to investigate trends in these settings to determine best practices and how students with disabilities experience adapted physical education within an online setting. © 2022 Human Kinetics, Inc.
ABSTRACT
We investigated the carboxylated conjugated polymer poly 3-(3-carboxypropyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl as a nanosized (200-350 nm) biomolecule receptor layer on the channel of organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) devices. Myelin basic protein, SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1, and their antibodies (10 nm size scale) were alternately used in the attached molecule form as receptors and analytes. Sub-ng detection in buffer was observed, and response to S1 was also obtained in clinical serum. Changes in threshold voltage and current output from OECT transfer curves and measurements of open circuit potential between receptor layers and a reference electrode provided complementary responses and insight into the response mechanisms, guiding further development of electrochemical field-effect and voltammetric protein sensors based on polymeric active layers with nanoscale functionality. ©